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Pittsburgh . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania City of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh skyline; Carnegie Mellon University; PNC Park; Duquesne Incline; Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh skyline; Carnegie Mellon University; PNC Park; Duquesne Incline; Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh Flag of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Flag Coat of arms of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh is positioned in Pennsylvania Pittsburgh - Pittsburgh Pittsburgh (/ p tsb r / pits-burg) is a town/city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the governmental center of county of Allegheny County. Located at the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers, Pittsburgh is known as both "the Steel City" for its more than 300 steel-related businesses, and as the "City of Bridges" for its 446 bridges. The town/city features 30 high-rise buildings, two inclines, a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, ship assembly, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate command posts employment; it had the most U.S. The region has served also as the long-time federal agency command posts for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research and the nuclear navy. The region is home to 68 universities and universities, including research and evolution leaders Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. The nation's fifth-largest bank, eight Fortune 500 companies, and six of the top 300 U.S. Law firms make their global command posts in the Pittsburgh area, while RAND, BNY Mellon, Nova, Fed - Ex, Bayer and NIOSH have county-wide bases that helped Pittsburgh turn into the sixth-best region for U.S. In 2015, Pittsburgh was listed among the "eleven most livable metros/cities in the world"; The Economist's Global Liveability Ranking placed Pittsburgh as the first- or second-most livable town/city in the United States in 2005, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2014. The region is a core for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Main articles: History of Pittsburgh, Etymology of Pittsburgh, and Timeline of Pittsburgh A picture of the Fort Pitt blockhouse assembled by the British in 1764; it is the earliest extant structure in the City of Pittsburgh. The initial pronunciation would have been / p tsbr , -b r / pits-br or pits-b -r , matching similarly titled places in Great Britain such as Edinburgh in Scotland and Aldeburgh in Suffolk. Pittsburgh was incorporated as a township in 1771 and as a borough on April 22, 1794 with the following Act: "Be it enacted by the Pennsylvania State Senate and Pennsylvania House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania...by the authority of the same, that the said town of Pittsburgh shall be...erected into a borough, which shall be called the borough of Pittsburgh for ever." The French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years' War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. A 1769 survey referenced the future town/city as the "Manor of Pittsburgh". Both the Colony of Virginia and the Province of Pennsylvania claimed the region under their colonial charters until 1780, when they agreed under a federal initiative to extend the Mason Dixon line westward, placing Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. Following the American Revolution, the village of Pittsburgh continued to grow. Pittsburgh became a possession of Pennsylvania in 1785. The following year, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette was started, and in 1787, the Pittsburgh Academy was chartered. Fort Pitt (now Pittsburgh) at the origin of the Ohio River became the chief base for pioneer moving into the Northwest Territory. A historic 1857 scene of the Monongahela River in downtown Pittsburgh featuring a steamboat A wrought iron life-size facade of legendary steelworker Joe Magarac in downtown Pittsburgh Downtown facade memorializing Pittsburgh's industrialized tradition with an image of legendary steelworker Joe Magarac By 1815, Pittsburgh was producing momentous quantities of iron, brass, tin, and glass. By the 1840s, Pittsburgh was one of the biggest cities west of the Allegheny Mountains. The Great Fire of Pittsburgh finished over a thousand buildings in 1845. The town/city rebuilt with the aid of Irish immigrants and by 1857, Pittsburgh's 1,000 factories were consuming 22 million coal bushels annual. By 1910, Pittsburgh was the nation's 8th-largest city, accounting for between a third and a half of nationwide steel output. By 1940, non-Hispanic caucasians were 90.6% of the city's population. Pittsburgh also became a chief destination of the black Great Migration from the non-urban South amid the first half of the 20th century. Limited initially by discrimination, some 95% percent of the men became unskilled steel workers. During World War II, demand increased and region mills directed 24 hours a day to produce 95 million tons of steel for the war accomplishment. This resulted in the highest levels of air pollution in the city's almost century of industry. The city's reputation as the "arsenal of democracy" was being overshadowed by James Parton's 1868 observation of Pittsburgh being "hell with the lid off." Although Pittsburgh successfully shifted its economy and remained viable, the city's populace has never rebounded to its industrial-era highs. During the late 2000s recession, Pittsburgh was economically strong, adding jobs when most metros/cities were losing them. Between 2006 and 2011, the Pittsburgh urbane statistical region (MSA) experienced over 10% appreciation in housing prices the highest appreciation of the biggest 25 MSAs in the United States, as 22 of the top 25 MSAs saw a depreciation of housing values. Pittsburgh's story of economic regeneration was the inspiration of President Barack Obama to host the 2009 G-20 Pittsburgh summit. See also: Pittsburgh urbane region Regional identity Pittsburgh has a total region of 58.3 square miles (151 km2), of which 55.6 square miles (144 km2) is territory and 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) (or 4.75%) is water. The town/city extends east to include the Oakland and Shadyside sections, which are home to the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Chatham University, Carnegie Museum and Library, and many other educational, medical, and cultural establishments. Downtown Pittsburgh and the Duquesne Incline from Mt. They include hundreds of streets composed entirely of stairs, and many other steep streets with stairs for sidewalks. Many furnish vistas of the Pittsburgh region while attracting hikers and public walkers. See also: List of Pittsburgh neighborhoods, List of tallest buildings in Pittsburgh, List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations, and List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks These encircling areas are subdivided into distinct neighborhoods (in total, Pittsburgh contains 90 neighborhoods). Relative to downtown, these areas are known as the North Side, South Side/South Hills, East End, and West End. Most decidedly , the Pittsburgh Cultural Trust is embarking on River - Parc, a four-block mixed-use "green" community, featuring 700 residentiary units and multiple towers between 20 and 30 stories. Downtown is served by the Port Authority's subway and multiple bridges dominant north and south. It is also home to Point Park University, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, and Duquesne University which borders Uptown. What is known today as Pittsburgh's North Side was once known as Allegheny City, and directed as a town/city autonomously of Pittsburgh. Allegheny City consolidated with Pittsburgh under great protest from its people. The North Side is also home to many prominent attractions such as Heinz Field, PNC Park, Carnegie Science Center, National Aviary, Andy Warhol Museum, Mattress Factory installation art exhibition, Children's Museum of Pittsburgh, Randyland, Highmark Sports - Works, Penn Brewery, and Allegheny Observatory. The region has turn into a small-town Pittsburgher destination. It collaborated with the improve and various developers to problematic a master plan for a mixed-use development, to include a riverfront park, office space, housing, health-care facilities, and indoor practice fields for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Pitt Panthers. The East End is home to the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Carlow University, Chatham University, The Carnegie Institute's Museums of Art and Natural History, Frick Art & Historical Center (Clayton and the Frick art exhibition), Phipps Conservatory, Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall, and the Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium. Further information: West End (Pittsburgh) Region Pittsburgh's patchwork of neighborhoods still retain an ethnic character reflecting the city's immigrant history. Main article: Pittsburgh urbane region Pittsburgh falls inside the borders of the Northeastern United States as defined by multiple US Government agencies, but the Pittsburgh Combined Travel Destination extends into both the Southern United States (West Virginia) and the Midwestern United States (Ohio), with the borders of the three regions meeting 30 miles (48 km) from the city. Pittsburgh is also in the Great Lakes Megalopolis, a compilation of primarily Midwestern cities, reflecting Pittsburgh's socio-economic connections to Ohio and points west. Pittsburgh falls inside the borders of Appalachia as defined by the Appalachian Regional Commission, and has long been characterized as the "northern urban industrialized anchor of Appalachia." In its post-industrial state, Pittsburgh has been characterized as the "Paris of Appalachia", recognizing the city's cultural, educational, healthcare, and technological resources, as well as its status as Appalachia's biggest city. Pittsburgh lies in the humid continental climate zone (Koppen Dfa). The town/city and river valleys lie in the USDA plant hardiness zone 6b while higher elevated areas lie in zone 6a. The region has four distinct seasons: winters are cold, cloudy, and moderately snowy, springs and falls generally mild with moderate levels of sunshine, and summers warm to hot and humid. The warmest month of the year in Pittsburgh is July, with a 24-hour average of 72.6 F (22.6 C). Climate data for Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh International Airport), 1981 2010 normals, extremes 1871 present metro areas having higher amounts of year-round particle pollution than Pittsburgh. For ozone (smog) pollution, Pittsburgh was ranked 24th among U.S. Steel's Clairton Coke Works, the nation's biggest coke mill, and a several municipalities outside the city's jurisdiction of pollution controls, dominant to possible confusion that Pittsburgh itself is the origin or center of the emissions cited in the survey. The region's readings also reflect pollution swept in from Ohio and West Virginia, though both are outside the jurisdictional powers of small-town leadership. A 2011 analysis of Pittsburgh's total tree cover, which involved sampling more than 200 small plots throughout the city, showed a value of between $10 and $13 million in annual benefits based on the "urban forest" contributions to beautifuls, energy use and air character. 2.3% of Pittsburgh's populace was of Hispanic or Latino origin of any race. Map of ethnic distribution in Pittsburgh, 2010 U.S. Pittsburgh has one of the biggest Italian-American communities in the nation, the fifth-largest Ukrainian community. Pittsburgh has over 200,000 Croatian citizens making it the town/city with the most extensive Croatian improve in the United States. In a 2002 study, Pittsburgh ranked 22nd of 69 urban places in the U.S. In the number of inhabitants 25 years or older who had instead of a bachelor's degree, at 31%. Pittsburgh ranked 15th of the 69 places in the number of inhabitants 25 years or older who instead of a high school degree, at 84.7%. Pittsburgh has adapted since the collapse of its century-long steel and electronics industries. Total annual payroll of the region's technology industries, when taken in aggregate, exceeded $10.8 billion in 2007, and in 2010 there were 1,600 technology companies. A National Bureau of Economic Research 2014 report titled Pittsburgh the second-best U.S. Google has research and technology offices in a refurbished 1918 1998 Nabisco factory, a complex known as Bakery Square. Some of the factory's initial equipment, such as a large dough mixer, were left standing in homage to the site's industrialized roots. Pittsburgh's transition from its industrialized tradition has earned it praise as "the poster child for managing industrialized transition". Other primary cities in the northeast and mid-west have increasingly borrowed from Pittsburgh's model in order to renew their industries and economic base. Pittsburgh is the poster child for managing industrialized transition. "" The biggest employer in the town/city is the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, with 48,000 employees. In the Pittsburgh region for 2016 The biggest single employer in that trade is the University of Pittsburgh, with 10,700 employees. Six Fortune 500 companies call the Pittsburgh region home. Steel, The Kraft Heinz Company, WESCO International, and the Findlay Township, Pennsylvania based Dick's Sporting Goods. In 2006, Expansion Magazine ranked Pittsburgh among the top 10 urbane areas in the country for climates favorable to company expansion. The global impact of Pittsburgh technology and company was recently demonstrated in a several key components of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner being produced and supplied by region companies. A prestige in surroundingal design, the town/city is home to 60 total and 10 of the world's first green buildings while billions have been invested in the area's Marcellus natural gas fields. A renaissance of Pittsburgh's 116-year-old film trade that boasts the world's first movie theater has grown from the long-running Three Rivers Film Festival to an influx of primary productions including Disney and Paramount offices with the biggest sound stage outside Los Angeles and New York City. Pittsburgh has hosted INPEX, the world's biggest invention trade show annually since 1984, Tekko since 2003, Anthrocon since 2006, and DUG East energy trade show since 2009. The Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh has a rich history in arts and culture dating from 19th century industrialists commissioning and donating enhance works, such as Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts and the Benedum Center, home to the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra and Pittsburgh Opera, in the order given as well as such groups as the River City Brass Band and the Pittsburgh Youth Symphony Orchestra. Pittsburgh has a number of small and mid-size arts organizations including the Pittsburgh Irish and Classical Theatre, Quantum Theatre, the Renaissance and Baroque Society of Pittsburgh, and the early music ensemble Chatham Baroque. Pittsburgh Dance Council and the Pittsburgh Ballet Theater host a range of dance affairs. Pittsburgh has also teamed up with a Los Angeles-based manufacturing company, and has assembled the biggest and most advanced movie studio in the easterly United States. Pittsburgh's primary art exhibitions include the Andy Warhol Museum, the Carnegie Museum of Art, the Frick Art & Historical Center, Pittsburgh Center for the Arts, and the Mattress Factory. Pittsburgh is home to a number of art arcades and centers including the Miller Gallery at Carnegie Mellon University, University Art Gallery of the University of Pittsburgh, the American Jewish Museum, and the Wood Street Galleries. Pittsburgh is home to the prominent amusement park, Kennywood. The Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium, Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, and the National Aviary have served the town/city for over a century. Pittsburgh is home to one of the a several state licensed casinos. His anthem "Black and Yellow" (a tribute to Pittsburgh's official colors) reached number one on Billboard's "Hot 100" for the Week of February 19, 2011 Not since Grammy-winning blues guitarist George Benson has a Pittsburgh artist received such nationwide acclaim. Many punk modern and Hardcore punk acts, such as Aus Rotten and Anti-Flag, originated in Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh is home to the world's biggest furry convention known as Anthrocon, which has been held annually at the David L. The city's first play was produced at the old courthouse in 1803 and the first theater assembled in 1812. Collegiate companies include the University of Pittsburgh's Repertory Theatre and Kuntu Repertory Theatre, Point Park University's resident companies at its Pittsburgh Playhouse, and Carnegie Mellon University's School of Drama productions and Scotch'n'Soda organization. The Pittsburgh New Works Festival utilizes small-town theatre companies to stage productions of initial one-act plays by playwrights from all parts of the country. In close-by Latrobe, Carnegie, Jennerstown, Trafford, and Greensburg, in the order given, employ Pittsburgh actors and contribute to the culture of the region. See also: List of fiction set in Pittsburgh, List of films shot in Pittsburgh, and List of tv shows shot in Pittsburgh Pittsburgh is the place of birth of Gertrude Stein and Rachel Carson, a Chatham University graduate from the suburb of Springdale, Pennsylvania. Modern writers include Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright August Wilson and Michael Chabon with his Pittsburgh-focused commentary on student and college life. Two-time Pulitzer Prize winner and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, David Mc - Cullough was born and raised in Pittsburgh. Annie Dillard, a Pulitzer Prize winning writer, was born and raised in Pittsburgh. Much of her memoir An American Childhood takes place in post-World War II Pittsburgh. John Edgar Wideman interval up in Pittsburgh and based "Brothers and Keepers," a National Book Critics awarded novel in his hometown. Poet Terrance Hayes, winner of the 2010 National Book Award and a 2014 Mac - Arthur Foundation Fellow, received his MFA from the University of Pittsburgh, where he is presently a faculty member. Poet Michael Simms, founder of Autumn House Press, presently resides in the Mount Washington neighborhood of Pittsburgh. New writers include Chris Kuzneski who attended the University of Pittsburgh and mentions Pittsburgh in his works and Pittsburgher Brian Celio, author of Catapult Soul who captured the Pittsburgh 'Yinzer' dialect in his writing. Pittsburgh's unique literary style extends to playwrights, as well as small-town graffiti and hip hop artists. There are also specific Pittsburgh genres that have been adopted in globally, from children's tv to sci-fi/fantasy to Yinzer Pittsburghese. Pittsburgh's position as the place of birth for improve owned tv and networked commercial tv helped spawn the undivided children's show genres exemplified by Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?, Happy's Party, Cappelli & Company, and The Children's Corner, all nationally broadcast. The Pittsburgh Dad series has showcased the Pittsburghese genre to a global You - Tube audience since 2011. Romero, television's Bill Cardille and his Chiller Theatre, director and writer Rusty Cundieff and makeup effects guru Tom Savini. The genre continues today with the PARSEC writers organization, The It's Alive Show, the annual "Zombie Fest", and a several writer's workshops including Write or Die, Pittsburgh South - Writes, and Pittsburgh Worldwrights with Barton Paul Levenson, Kenneth Chiacchia and Elizabeth Humphreys Penrose. Main article: Pittsburgh English The Pittsburgh English dialect, generally called Pittsburghese, was influenced by Scots-Irish, Welsh, German, Central European, and Eastern European immigrants. Locals who speak the dialect are sometimes referred to as "Yinzers" (from the small-town word "yinz" [var. The many small-town peculiarities have prompted the New York Times to describe Pittsburgh as, "the Galapagos Islands of American dialect." The lexicon itself contains notable loans from Polish and other European languages; examples include babushka, pierogi, and halusky. Pittsburgh from the West End Overlook Pittsburgh often places high in lists of the nation's most livable cities. After placing fourth and first in the first two editions of Places Rated Almanac, Pittsburgh rather than third in 1989, fifth in 1993, 14th in 1997, and 12th in 2000, before reclaiming the number one spot in 2007. The survey's major author, David Savageau, has noted that Pittsburgh is the only town/city to finish in the top 20 of every edition. In 2005, 2009, and 2011, Pittsburgh was titled the most livable town/city in the United States and in those years, between the 26th- and 29th-most livable metros/cities worldwide by The Economist. Pittsburgh ranked No. Listed Pittsburgh as the most livable town/city in the United States. A month later, Forbes titled Pittsburgh the 7th best place to raise a family. Pittsburgh was ranked the 4th best town/city for working mothers by Forbes in 2010 and the town/city was ranked as one of the best for company doers by Entrepreneur. Forbes titled Pittsburgh, in an 8-way tie, the world's 10th cleanest town/city for 2007. The Economist Intelligence Unit titled Pittsburgh the top place to live in the United States in 2011, and behind only Honolulu for 2012 and 2014. News. In February 2013 Forbes again placed Pittsburgh among its 10 most unexpectedly romantic world locations. In April 2014, Niche rated Pittsburgh the 15th best town/city for millennials. Pittsburgh has a low cost of living compared to other northeastern U.S. According to the Federal Housing Board the average price for a 3- to 4-bedroom, 2-bath family home in Pittsburgh for 2004 is $162,000, well below the nationwide average of $264,540. Average 2010 rent for all bedrooms in Pittsburgh was $789. This compares to the nationwide average of $1,087. Pittsburgh also has five town/city parks and a several parks managed by the Nature Conservancy, the biggest of which, Frick Park, provides a 664 acres (269 ha) of woodland park with extensive hiking and biking trails throughout steep valleys and wooded slopes. Enhancing Pittsburgh's livability is that the region faces little natural disaster threat such as an earthquake, hurricane, wildfire, or tornado. Forbes ranked Pittsburgh as having the 2nd lowest natural disaster threat in the country for 2009. Greater Pittsburgh is not entirely no-charge of natural disasters, however. Pittsburgh has the most bars per capita in the nation. Main article: Sports in Pittsburgh Pittsburgh hosted the first experienced football game and the first World Series. The town/city boasts a several experienced teams and in 2009 the town/city has won the Sporting News title of "Best Sports City" in the United States. and Sperling's Best Places "top 15 metros/cities for baseball" in 2013. College sports also have large followings with the University of Pittsburgh in football and sharing Division I basketball fans with Robert Morris and Duquesne. Pittsburgh's dedication to sports has a long history with its primary experienced sports squads the Steelers of the National Football League, the Penguins of the National Hockey League, and the Pirates of Major League Baseball share the same team colors, the official town/city colors of black and gold. This tradition of solidarity is unique to Pittsburgh. Professional sports squads in Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pirates 1882 MLB Baseball PNC Park 7 Pittsburgh Steelers 1933 NFL Football Heinz Field 6 Pittsburgh Penguins 1967 NHL Hockey PPG Paints Arena 1991, 1992, 2009, 2016 Pittsburgh Riverhounds 1999 USL Soccer Highmark Stadium **Pittsburgh's ABA charter won the 1968 title, however the current charter are heirs to it only in location. Prominent D1 college sports squads in Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Pitt Football (FBS) Heinz Field ACC 9 PNC Park, home of the Pittsburgh Pirates The Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team, often referred to as the Bucs or the Buccos (derived from buccaneer), is the city's earliest experienced sports charter having been established in 1881, and plays in the Central Division of the National League. Pittsburgh also has a rich Negro League history, with the former Pittsburgh Crawfords and the Homestead Grays credited with as many as 14 league titles and 11 Hall of Famers between them in the 1930s and 1940s, while the Keystones fielded squads in the 1920s. Heinz Field, home of the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Pittsburgh Panthers (football) The nation's first experienced game was played in the town/city on November 12, 1892, between the Allegheny Athletic Association and the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, the first pro-team in close-by Latrobe and first organized league, the NFL and their inaugural champions: the Pittsburgh Stars. The city's most prominent team is the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers, titled after the distribution business the Pittsburgh Steeling business established in 1927. College football in the town/city dates to 1889 with the Division I (FBS) Panthers of the University of Pittsburgh posting nine nationwide championships and recently[when?] qualifying for seven straight bowl games for 31 total. Playoff franchises Pittsburgh Power and Pittsburgh Gladiators competed in the Arena Football League in the 1980s and 2010s in the order given. The Gladiators hosted Arena - Bowl I in the city, competing in two total, but losing both before moving to Tampa, Florida and becoming the Storm. The Pittsburgh Passion has been the city's experienced women's football team since 2002 and plays its home games at Highmark Stadium. The Ed Debartolo owned Pittsburgh Maulers featured a Heisman Trophy winner in the mid-1980s, former superstar University of Nebraska running back Mike Rozier. The NHL's Pittsburgh Penguins have played in Pittsburgh since the team's beginning in 1967. The NHL awarded one of its first franchises to the town/city in 1924 on the strength of the back-to-back USAHA championship winning Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets featuring future Hall of Famers and a Stanley Cup winning coach. The NHL's Pittsburgh Pirates made a several Stanley Cup playoff runs with a future Hall of Famer before folding from Great Depression financial pressures. Hockey railwaywith the Pittsburgh Hornets farm team (1936 1967) and their seven finals appearances and three championships in 18 playoff seasons. Pittsburgh is a hotbed for semi-pro and amateur squads such as the top 50 ranked Junior Penguins, Predators and Viper Stars, with the Hornets a top 20 team for the last 7 years. Pro-grade ice rinks such as the Rostraver Ice Garden and Iceoplex at Southpointe have trained a several native Pittsburgh players for NHL play. Professional basketball in Pittsburgh dates to the 1910s with squads "Monticello" and "Loendi" winning five nationwide titles, the Pirates (1937 45 in the NBL), the Pittsburgh Ironmen (1947 48 NBA inaugural season), the Pittsburgh Rens (1961 63), the Pittsburgh Condors (first American Basketball Association championship in 1968 and playing until 1972), the Pittsburgh Piranhas (CBA Finals in 1995), the Pittsburgh Xplosion (2004 08) and Phantoms (2009 10) both of the ABA. Petersen Events Center, home of Pittsburgh Panthers basketball The Duquesne University Dukes and the University of Pittsburgh Panthers have played college basketball in the town/city since 1914 and 1905 in the order given. Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball has qualified for 14 post season tournaments (including 4 NCAA tournaments) and boasts of 5 All-Americans chose 6 times with 3 WNBA players. Pittsburgh launched the nation's first high school all-star game in 1965. The Roundball Classic annually featured future NBA hall of famers at the Civic Arena with ESPN televising. See also: List of citizens from the Pittsburgh urbane region Golf Golf legends Arnold Palmer, Jim Furyk, and Rocco Mediate learned the game and began their careers on Pittsburgh region courses. Suburban courses such as Laurel Valley Golf Club and the Fox Chapel Golf Club have hosted PGA Championships (1937, 1965), the Ryder Cup (1975), LPGA Championships (1957 58), Senior Players Championships (2012 14), and the Senior PGA Championship (2005). Pittsburgh Open (LPGA Tour) 1956 Pittsburgh Senior Classic 1993 1998 Pittsburgh hosts a several annual primary sporting affairs initiated in the late 20th century, including the: Pittsburgh Marathon (since 1985) The Pittsburgh City-County Building, the seat of government of the City of Pittsburgh. The Government of Pittsburgh is composed of the Mayor of Pittsburgh, the Pittsburgh City Council, and various boards and commissions. The government's official offices are positioned in the Pittsburgh City-County Building. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court holds sessions in Pittsburgh, as well as Harrisburg and Philadelphia. Pittsburgh is represented in the Pennsylvania General Assembly by three Senate Districts and nine House Districts. Federally, Pittsburgh is part of Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. Current Pittsburgh City Council members are: Darlene Harris, Theresa Kail-Smith, Natalia Rudiak, Cory O'Conner, R. Prior to the American Civil War, Pittsburgh was firmly abolitionist. From the Civil War to the 1930s, Pittsburgh was a Republican stronghold. Pittsburgh is represented in the Pennsylvania General Assembly by three Senate Districts (Randy Vulakovich (R)-38, Wayne D. Federally, Pittsburgh is part of Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district, represented by Democrat Michael F. Pittsburgh Bureau of Police vehicles The area's biggest law enforcement agency is the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police, with close to 1,000 sworn officers. Pittsburgh annually rates as one of America's safest big cities, in 2013 being titled the 3rd "most secure" big town/city by Farmers Insurance. Among crime rates of the 60 biggest U.S. Cities, 43 had more instances of property crime while 16 had less when compared to Pittsburgh. At the end of 2016, the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police reported 59 murders in the city, marking "one of the most violent years in recent history." See also: List of universities and universities in Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh is home to many colleges, universities and research facilities, the most well-known of which are Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Pittsburgh, and Duquesne University. Also positioned in the town/city are Carlow University, Chatham University, Point Park University, The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, the Community College of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary, and the Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science. The Greater Pittsburgh region is also home to four Commonwealth Campuses of the Pennsylvania State University fitness including Penn State Beaver, Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus, Penn State Greater Allegheny, and Penn State New Kensington. The campuses of Carlow, Carnegie Mellon, and the University of Pittsburgh are positioned adjoining to each other in the Oakland neighborhood that is the city's traditional cultural center. Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is a private research college founded by Andrew Carnegie and is ranked 23rd overall on US News & World Report list of America's Best National Universities. CMU is globally respected for its School of Computer Science, College of Engineering, School of Business, Heinz College, College of Fine Arts, writing, civil and decision sciences, knowledge systems, statistics, and psychology programs. The University of Pittsburgh, established in 1787 and popularly referred to as "Pitt", is a state-related school with one of the nation's biggest research programs. Pitt is ranked as the 20th nationwide enhance college by US News & World Report and 62nd overall, and is known for the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh School of Information Sciences, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh College of Business Administration, University of Pittsburgh School of Law, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work, and other biomedical and health-related sciences. Carlow University is a small private Roman Catholic college that while coeducational, has traditionally educated women. Point Park University was established in 1961 and is well known for its Conservatory of Performing Arts and its Pittsburgh Playhouse. Pittsburgh Public Schools teachers are paid well relative to their peers, ranking 17th in 2000 among the 100 biggest cities by populace for the highest minimum full time pay offered to teachers with a BA ($34,300). Pittsburgh ranked fifth in the highest maximum full time pay offered to teachers with an MA ($66,380). Local enhance schools include many charter and magnet schools, including City Charter High School (computer and technology focused), Pittsburgh Montessori School (formerly Homewood Montessori), ted Center, Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12, Pittsburgh Creative and Performing Arts 6 12, Pittsburgh Science and Technology Academy, the Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children, and the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf. Private schools in Pittsburgh include Bishop Canevin High School, Central Catholic High School, Oakland Catholic High School, Winchester Thurston School, St. Other private establishments outside of Pittsburgh's limits include North Catholic High School and Seton-La Salle Catholic High School. Most notable are the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh's University Library System, which project 9th-largest (public) and 18th-largest (academic) in the nation, in the order given. Main articles: Media in Pittsburgh, List of films shot in Pittsburgh, and List of tv shows shot in Pittsburgh There are two primary daily newspapers in Pittsburgh: the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Weekly papers in the region include the Pittsburgh Business Times, Pittsburgh City Paper, Pittsburgh Catholic, The Jewish Chronicle of Pittsburgh, The New People, and the New Pittsburgh Courier. Independent student-written university-based newspapers include The Pitt News of the University of Pittsburgh, The Tartan of Carnegie Mellon University, The Duquesne Duke of Duquesne University, and The Globe of Point Park University. The University of Pittsburgh School of Law is also home to JURIST, the world's only university-based legal news service. The Pittsburgh metro region is served by many small-town tv and airways broadcasts. The Pittsburgh designated market region (DMA) is the 22nd-largest in the U.S. Three non-commercial stations are run by Carnegie Mellon University (WRCT 88.3 FM), the University of Pittsburgh (WPTS 92.1 FM), and Point Park University (WPPJ 670 AM). Pittsburgh's 116-year-old film trade accelerated after the 2006 passage of the Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit. According to the Pittsburgh Film Office, over 124 primary motion pictures have been filmed, in whole or in part, in Pittsburgh, including The Mothman Prophecies, Wonder Boys, Dogma, Hoffa, The Silence of the Lambs, Flashdance, Southpaw, Striking Distance, Mrs. Soffel, Jack Reacher, Inspector Gadget, The Next Three Days, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Zack and Miri Make a Porno, and Fences. Pittsburgh became "Gotham City" in 2011 amid recording of The Dark Knight Rises. George A. Water service is provided by the Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority and Pennsylvania American Water. The two biggest area community care providers are the world-renowned University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) (since 1893) and Allegheny Health Network (since 1882). History as well as the first west of the Atlantic Plain General Edward Hand Hospital served the region from 1777 to 1845. Since 1847, Pittsburgh has hosted the world's first "Mercy Hospital". This was followed by West Penn hospital in 1848, Passavant Hospital in 1849, the University of Pittsburgh Medical School in 1883, Children's Hospital in 1887, and Magee Womens Hospital in 1911. In 1996, UPMC's prepared Sicily ISMETT branch was allowed by the Italian government as transplant surgeons to supervise and bring the world's third (both earlier ones done at UPMC)--and first enhance cross species marrow transplant at University of California, San Francisco. UPMC's Thomas Detre established the International Society for Bipolar Disorders at a world medical conference in Pittsburgh in 1999. The $80 million ($111 million today) UPMC Sports Performance Complex for the Pittsburgh Panthers & Pittsburgh Steelers opened in 2000. The Pittsburgh Penguins announced a state of the art training facility with UPMC in 2012. UPMC announced in 2013 that it had partnered with Nazarbayev University to help found its medical school. Pittsburgh is a town/city of bridges. The renovated J&L Steel Company bridge has been a key traffic/running-biking trail conduit connecting the Southside Works and Pittsburgh Technology Center. Pittsburgh's rail trade dates to 1851 when the Pennsylvania Railroad first opened service between the town/city and Philadelphia, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad entered the town/city in 1871. In 1865 Andrew Carnegie opened the Pittsburgh Locomotive and Car Works which produced for the trade until 1919. Pittsburgh is home to one of Norfolk Southern Railway's busiest freight corridors, the Pittsburgh Line, and operates up to 70 trains per day through the city. The Port of Pittsburgh rates as the 21st-largest port in the United States with almost 34 million short tons of river cargo for 2011, the port ranked 9th-largest in the U.S. Interstate 376 is both the "parkway east" connecting to Interstate 76 (Pennsylvania Turnpike) and the "parkway west" connecting to Interstate 79, the Pittsburgh International Airport, the Ohio end of the Turnpike and Interstate 80. Main article: Pittsburgh urbane region Airports Pittsburgh International Airport and Arnold Palmer Regional Airport furnish commercial passenger service to the urbane area. While serving only a portion of the Pittsburgh region (the nation's 20th biggest metro area), it is the 11th biggest transit agency in the country and helped the region project 8th on commuters that use non-car means to work, second to only Chicago in metros outside the Northeast corridor. Port Authority runs a network of intracity and intercity bus routes, the Monongahela Incline funicular stockyards (more generally known as an "incline") on Mount Washington, a light rail fitness that runs mostly above-ground in the suburbs and underground as a subway in the city, and one of the nation's biggest busway systems. The Duquesne Incline is directed by a non-profit preservation trust, but accepts Port Authority passes and charges Port Authority fares. Main article: List of citizens from the Pittsburgh urbane region Pittsburgh urbane region Pittsburgh town/city coat of arms.svg - Pittsburgh portal Flag of Pennsylvania.svg - Pennsylvania portal Terrestrial globe.svg - Geography portal North America 368x348.png - North America portal Flag of the United States.svg - United States portal The warmest daily minimum at the current observation location, Pittsburgh Int'l, is only 77 F (25 C) on July 23, 2010 and July 16, 1980. Records kept January 1871 to June 1935 at the Weather Bureau Office athwart the Allegheny River from downtown, at Allegheny County Airport from July 1935 to 14 September 1952, and at Pittsburgh Int'l (KPIT) since 15 September 1952. "Current Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Population, Demographics and stats in 2016, 2017.". Pittsburgh's heart of steel still beats amid transformed town/city USA Today David J. Bridges Of Pittsburgh As Varied As The City Chicago Tribune (October 18, 1987). Pittsburgh has Plenty of Bridges from KDKA-TV (June 16, 2006). Eyewitness: 1949, TV makes Pittsburgh 'A New Promise' Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (May 16, 2010) Pittsburgh Press (April 14, 1982) Cable TV firms battle to win big town/city contract Pittsburgh Press (August 13, 1979) Petroleum Pioneers of Pittsburgh Alfred Mann, Heinz Center. Oil boom: Pittsburgh was nation's 1st oil capital, Kim Leonard Tribune-Review 10/4/2009. Pittsburgh takes 3rd: Creative Wealth from Carnegie Mellon University (August 2, 2008) Pittsburgh still 3rd in Fortune list Michael Schroeder Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (April 19, 1983) Len Barcousky Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (May 25, 1988) 'Bank' building short in statue, long on style Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (April 19, 2009) Stock Exchange Here Closes Its Doors Douglas Smock Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (August 24, 1974) Hoerr, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988 ISBN 978-0-8229-5398-2 Pittsburgh Chose to Innovate Courtney Sanders U.S. Pittsburgh's Shaky Economy In Worst Shape Since 1940s Observer-Reporter (July 9, 1982) In desperate 1983, there was nowhere for Pittsburgh's economy to go but up Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (December 23, 2012) Pittsburgh Press (May 5, 1987) Pittsburgh Press April 14, 1982 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. As well as a Pittsburgh Post-Gazette feature Universities and Incubators Pittsburgh Today (July 11, 2012) Pittsburgh's smart; survey says so Debra Erdley Tribune-Review (June 25, 2013) Pittsburgh employment numbers better than similar metros/cities Dec. 10 2014 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Pittsburgh region sees 11th consecutive month of home revenue increases Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (9/28/2012) Survival Lesson in Pittsburgh: Shedding an Industrial Past David Streitfeld The New York Times (1/8/2009) Pittsburgh's new housing boom stays strong Sam Spatter, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (3/9/2013) "Pittsburgh Named One Of The Most Livable Cities In The World". ""The Economist" names Pittsburgh U.S.'s Most Livable City (on the Mainland) Again - Imagine - Pittsburgh Now". Pittsburgh Is "Emerald City" with Dozens of Energy-Efficient Buildings Phil Cynar Imagine - Pittsburgh.com (October 20, 2012) How to Spell Pittsburgh, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. Boehmig 19, 2010 Downtown Pittsburgh Arcadia Publishing San Francisco, CA (2007) Page 29 Chapter 3: A City Emerges from a Frontier Town ISBN 978-0-7385-5042-8 The Naming of Pittsburgh Shawn Bannon with Jason Coll and Bill Flanagan (February 21, 2008 You - Tube) "Pittsburgh Facts". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. "Pittsburgh Chronology". Pittsburgh, The Story of an American City (5th ed.). Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh (1921). Pittsburgh First, the Official Organ of The Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search". "Cartoonist draws, fires a blank with Pittsburgh joke". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "More Pittsburgh real estate trends". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Bob Regan, The Steps of Pittsburgh: Portrait of a City, photos by Tim Fabian, The Local History Company, Pittsburgh, ISBN 978-0-9711835-6-8 "Pittsburgh Neighborhoods". City of Pittsburgh Portal. "Pittsburgh Maps". "Rising home prices tell Pittsburgh's uplifting story". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "American Eagle Outfitters Announces Pittsburgh's South - Side Works Location As New Corporate Headquarters". Pittsburghers need to rethink their place in the world". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: cultural and natural resources in a postindustrial age. University of Pittsburgh Pre. The Paris of Appalachia: Pittsburgh in the Twenty-first Century. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. "WMO Climate Normals for PITTSBURGH/GR PITTSBURGH INTL,PA 1961 1990". "PITTSBURGH PRECIPITATION RECORDS". NWS Pittsburgh, PA. "Pittsburgh Historical Snowfall Totals 1883 to Current". NWS Pittsburgh, PA. "Station Name: PA PITTSBURGH INTL AP". "Report: Pittsburgh's air character improving, but still among most polluted", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Pittsburgh Air Quality No Longer Worst In U.S.". "Pittsburgh (city), Pennsylvania". About Our Region Pittsburgh Technology Council Archived March 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. "Pittsburgh #2: Top 10 metros/cities to achieve the American Dream". "Bakery Square at Eastside, Pittsburgh :: Commercial, Residential Hotel Development". "Pittsburgh's Future: Thank Seniors for Helping Us Get Through the Recession". Pittsburgh's Future: Making Southwestern Pennsylvania One of the World's Greatest Regions. Pittsburgh Regional Alliance. (February 6, 2013) Will the Dreamliner Ground Pittsburgh's Economy? "Arts & Economic Prosperity III - Greater Pittsburgh Arts Council". You saw it here first: Pittsburgh's Nickelodeon introduced the moving picture theater to the populace in 1905 Timothy Mc - Nulty Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (June 19, 2005) Pittsburgh reinvents itself as the new Hollywood Alisha Hipwell CNN Money (August 7, 2012) East Maria Sciullo Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (March 4, 2012) Is Pittsburgh the New Hollywood? 4-star film studio coming to Strip District, Ann Rodgers Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (February 28, 2012) How Pittsburgh landed 'The Dark Knight Rises' Hillary Busis Entertainment Weekly (December 7, 2012) : Action at a new studio keeps Pittsburgh on film Post-Gazette (March 4, 2012) Is Pittsburgh The New Hollywood?, Melissa Rayworth Pittsburgh Magazine (January, 2011) Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "'Furries' leave visible prints Downtown and in Pittsburgh's coffers Pittsburgh Post-Gazette". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. University of Pittsburgh. University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "PARSEC: Pittsburgh's Premiere Science Fiction Organization". "Pittsburgh South Writes Homepage". "Pittsburgh Worldwrights". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Pittsburgh ranked tops in U.S. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Move over, Honolulu; Pittsburgh's No. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "The Economist names Pittsburgh the Most Livable City (on the mainland) again - NEXTpittsburgh". Visit Pittsburgh, Frick Park, Pittsburgh, PA, 2015 version. "Huge flood-control cost, planning mess put Southwestern Pennsylvania in bind Pittsburgh Tribune-Review". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Black & Gold mettle: Pittsburgh is Best Sports City Bob Hille College Basketball Sporting News". Pittsburgh Among Top Baseball Cities Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. The Pittsburgh Power of the Arena Football League and the Pittsburgh Passion of the IWFL use these colors as well. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. City of Pittsburgh (official website). "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Transatlantic Cities Network". University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "A look at movie locations around Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority Home". "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search". "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - News Links". "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search". "Home Pittsburgh Post-Gazette". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Pittsburgh has Plenty of Bridges". Cridlebaugh's website: Bridges and Tunnels of Allegheny County and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Pittsburgh ranked eighth among large metros/cities for commuting without cars". "Duquesne Incline, historic cable car stockyards serving commuters and tourists since 1877, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Sister Cities". Allen Dieterich-Ward, Beyond Rust: Metropolitan Pittsburgh and the Fate of Industrial America (U of Pennsylvania Press, 2016). Kobus, City of Steel: How Pittsburgh Became the World's Steelmaking Capital During the Carnegie Era. City of Pittsburgh Government Pittsburgh Daily Gazette, Google news archive.